Chapter 10

           

           Thusourconceptionoffreewillandinevitabilitygraduallydiminishesorincreasesaccordingtothegreaterorlesserconnectionwiththeexternalworld,thegreaterorlesserremotenessoftime,andthegreaterorlesserdependenceonthecausesinrelationtowhichwecontemplateaman’slife.

           Sothatifweexaminethecaseofamanwhoseconnectionwiththeexternalworldiswellknown,wherethetimebetweentheactionanditsexaminationisgreat,andwherethecausesoftheactionaremostaccessible,wegettheconceptionofamaximumofinevitabilityandaminimumoffreewill.Ifweexamineamanlittledependentonexternalconditions,whoseactionwasperformedveryrecently,andthecausesofwhoseactionarebeyondourken,wegettheconceptionofaminimumofinevitabilityandamaximumoffreedom.

           Inneithercase—howeverwemaychangeourpointofview,howeverplainwemaymaketoourselvestheconnectionbetweenthemanandtheexternalworld,howeverinaccessibleitmaybetous,howeverlongorshorttheperiodoftime,howeverintelligibleorincomprehensiblethecausesoftheactionmaybe—canweeverconceiveeithercompletefreedomorcompletenecessity.

           (1)Towhateverdegreewemayimagineamantobeexemptfromtheinfluenceoftheexternalworld,wenevergetaconceptionoffreedominspace.Everyhumanactionisinevitablyconditionedbywhatsurroundshimandbyhisownbody.Iliftmyarmandletitfall.

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