Part 16

Chapter 1

           

           Sevenyearshadpassed.Thestorm-tossedseaofEuropeanhistoryhadsubsidedwithinitsshoresandseemedtohavebecomecalm.Butthemysteriousforcesthatmovehumanity(mysteriousbecausethelawsoftheirmotionareunknowntous)continuedtooperate.

           Thoughthesurfaceoftheseaofhistoryseemedmotionless,themovementofhumanitywentonasunceasinglyastheflowoftime.Variousgroupsofpeopleformedanddissolved,thecomingformationanddissolutionofkingdomsanddisplacementofpeopleswasincourseofpreparation.

           Theseaofhistorywasnotdrivenspasmodicallyfromshoretoshoreaspreviously.Itwasseethinginitsdepths.Historicfigureswerenotbornebythewavesfromoneshoretoanotherasbefore.Theynowseemedtorotateononespot.Thehistoricalfiguresattheheadofarmies,whoformerlyreflectedthemovementofthemassesbyorderingwars,campaigns,andbattles,nowreflectedtherestlessmovementbypoliticalanddiplomaticcombinations,laws,andtreaties.

           Thehistorianscallthisactivityofthehistoricalfigures“thereaction.”

           Indealingwiththisperiodtheysternlycondemnthehistoricalpersonageswho,intheiropinion,causedwhattheydescribeasthereaction.Allthewell-knownpeopleofthatperiod,fromAlexanderandNapoleontoMadamedeStaël,Photius,Schelling,Fichte,Chateaubriand,andtherest,passbeforetheirsternjudgmentseatandareacquittedorcondemnedaccordingtowhethertheyconducedtoprogressortoreaction.

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