Chapter 9

           

           Forthesolutionofthequestionoffreewillorinevitability,historyhasthisadvantageoverotherbranchesofknowledgeinwhichthequestionisdealtwith,thatforhistorythisquestiondoesnotrefertotheessenceofman’sfreewillbutitsmanifestationinthepastandundercertainconditions.

           Inregardtothisquestion,historystandstotheothersciencesasexperimentalsciencestandstoabstractscience.

           Thesubjectforhistoryisnotman’swillitselfbutourpresentationofit.

           Andsoforhistory,theinsolublemysterypresentedbytheincompatibilityoffreewillandinevitabilitydoesnotexistasitdoesfortheology,ethics,andphilosophy.Historysurveysapresentationofman’slifeinwhichtheunionofthesetwocontradictionshasalreadytakenplace.

           Inactuallifeeachhistoricevent,eachhumanaction,isveryclearlyanddefinitelyunderstoodwithoutanysenseofcontradiction,althougheacheventpresentsitselfaspartlyfreeandpartlycompulsory.

           Tosolvethequestionofhowfreedomandnecessityarecombinedandwhatconstitutestheessenceofthesetwoconceptions,thephilosophyofhistorycanandshouldfollowapathcontrarytothattakenbyothersciences.Insteadoffirstdefiningtheconceptionsoffreedomandinevitabilityinthemselves,andthenrangingthephenomenaoflifeunderthosedefinitions,historyshoulddeduceadefinitionoftheconceptionoffreedomandinevitabilitythemselvesfromtheimmensequantityofphenomenaofwhichitiscognizantandthatalwaysappeardependentonthesetwoelements.

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