Chapter 7

           

           WhilethiswastakingplaceinPetersburgtheFrenchhadalreadypassedSmolénskandweredrawingnearerandnearertoMoscow.Napoleon’shistorianThiers,likeotherofhishistorians,tryingtojustifyhisherosaysthathewasdrawntothewallsofMoscowagainsthiswill.Heisasrightasotherhistorianswholookfortheexplanationofhistoriceventsinthewillofoneman;heisasrightastheRussianhistorianswhomaintainthatNapoleonwasdrawntoMoscowbytheskilloftheRussiancommanders.Herebesidesthelawofretrospection,whichregardsallthepastasapreparationforeventsthatsubsequentlyoccur,thelawofreciprocitycomesin,confusingthewholematter.Agoodchessplayerhavinglostagameissincerelyconvincedthathislossresultedfromamistakehemadeandlooksforthatmistakeintheopening,butforgetsthatateachstageofthegamethereweresimilarmistakesandthatnoneofhismoveswereperfect.Heonlynoticesthemistaketowhichhepaysattention,becausehisopponenttookadvantageofit.Howmuchmorecomplexthanthisisthegameofwar,whichoccursundercertainlimitsoftime,andwhereitisnotonewillthatmanipulateslifelessobjects,buteverythingresultsfrominnumerableconflictsofvariouswills!

           AfterSmolénskNapoleonsoughtabattlebeyondDorogobúzhatVyázma,andthenatTsárevo-Zaymíshche,butithappenedthatowingtoaconjunctionofinnumerablecircumstancestheRussianscouldnotgivebattletilltheyreachedBorodinó,seventymilesfromMoscow.FromVyázmaNapoleonorderedadirectadvanceonMoscow.

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