Війна і мир

Chapter 6

           Apartfromthat,thechiefsourceofourerrorinthismatterisduetothefactthatinthehistoricalaccountsawholeseriesofinnumerable,diverse,andpettyevents,suchforinstanceasallthosewhichledtheFrencharmiestoRussia,isgeneralizedintooneeventinaccordwiththeresultproducedbythatseriesofevents,andcorrespondingwiththisgeneralizationthewholeseriesofcommandsisalsogeneralizedintoasingleexpressionofwill.

           WesaythatNapoleonwishedtoinvadeRussiaandinvadedit.InrealityinallNapoleon’sactivityweneverfindanythingresemblinganexpressionofthatwish,butfindaseriesoforders,orexpressionsofhiswill,veryvariouslyandindefinitelydirected.AmidalongseriesofunexecutedordersofNapoleon’soneseries,forthecampaignof1812,wascarriedout—notbecausethoseordersdifferedinanywayfromtheother,unexecutedordersbutbecausetheycoincidedwiththecourseofeventsthatledtheFrencharmyintoRussia;justasinstencilworkthisorthatfigurecomesoutnotbecausethecolorwaslaidonfromthissideorinthatway,butbecauseitwaslaidonfromallsidesoverthefigurecutinthestencil.

           Sothatexaminingtherelationintimeofthecommandstotheevents,wefindthatacommandcanneverbethecauseoftheevent,butthatacertaindefinitedependenceexistsbetweenthetwo.

           TounderstandinwhatthisdependenceconsistsitisnecessarytoreinstateanotheromittedconditionofeverycommandproceedingnotfromtheDeitybutfromaman,whichis,thatthemanwhogivesthecommandhimselftakespartintheevent.

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