Війна і мир

Chapter 6

           

           IfthroughouthisreignNapoleongavecommandsconcerninganinvasionofEnglandandexpendedonnootherundertakingsomuchtimeandeffort,andyetduringhiswholereignneveronceattemptedtoexecutethatdesignbutundertookanexpeditionintoRussia,withwhichcountryheconsidereditdesirabletobeinalliance(aconvictionherepeatedlyexpressed)—thiscameaboutbecausehiscommandsdidnotcorrespondtothecourseofeventsinthefirstcase,butdidsocorrespondinthelatter.

           Foranordertobecertainlyexecuted,itisnecessarythatamanshouldorderwhatcanbeexecuted.Buttoknowwhatcanandwhatcannotbeexecutedisimpossible,notonlyinthecaseofNapoleon’sinvasionofRussiainwhichmillionsparticipated,buteveninthesimplestevent,forineithercasemillionsofobstaclesmayarisetopreventitsexecution.Everyorderexecutedisalwaysoneofanimmensenumberunexecuted.Alltheimpossibleordersinconsistentwiththecourseofeventsremainunexecuted.Onlythepossibleonesgetlinkedupwithaconsecutiveseriesofcommandscorrespondingtoaseriesofevents,andareexecuted.

           Ourfalseconceptionthataneventiscausedbyacommandwhichprecedesitisduetothefactthatwhentheeventhastakenplaceandoutofthousandsofothersthosefewcommandswhichwereconsistentwiththateventhavebeenexecuted,weforgetabouttheothersthatwerenotexecutedbecausetheycouldnotbe.

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