Війна і мир

Chapter 10

           

           Onlybyseparatingthetwosourcesofcognition,relatedtooneanotherasformtocontent,dowegetthemutuallyexclusiveandseparatelyincomprehensibleconceptionsoffreedomandinevitability.

           Onlybyunitingthemdowegetaclearconceptionofman’slife.

           Apartfromthesetwoconceptswhichintheirunionmutuallydefineoneanotherasformandcontent,noconceptionoflifeispossible.

           Allthatweknowofthelifeofmanismerelyacertainrelationoffreewilltoinevitability,thatis,ofconsciousnesstothelawsofreason.

           Allthatweknowoftheexternalworldofnatureisonlyacertainrelationoftheforcesofnaturetoinevitability,oroftheessenceoflifetothelawsofreason.

           Thegreatnaturalforceslieoutsideusandwearenotconsciousofthem;wecallthoseforcesgravitation,inertia,electricity,animalforce,andsoon,butweareconsciousoftheforceoflifeinmanandwecallthatfreedom.

           Butjustastheforceofgravitation,incomprehensibleinitselfbutfeltbyeveryman,isunderstoodbyusonlytotheextenttowhichweknowthelawsofinevitabilitytowhichitissubject(fromthefirstknowledgethatallbodieshaveweight,uptoNewton’slaw),sotootheforceoffreewill,incomprehensibleinitselfbutofwhicheveryoneisconscious,isintelligibletousonlyinasfarasweknowthelawsofinevitabilitytowhichitissubject(fromthefactthateverymandies,uptotheknowledgeofthemostcomplexeconomicandhistoriclaws).

           Allknowledgeismerelyabringingofthisessenceoflifeunderthelawsofreason.

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