Війна і мир

Chapter 10

           AndsinceIcouldmakeonlyonemovementatthatsinglemomentoftime,itcouldnothavebeenanyother.Toimagineitasfree,itisnecessarytoimagineitinthepresent,ontheboundarybetweenthepastandthefuture—thatis,outsidetime,whichisimpossible.

           (3)Howevermuchthedifficultyofunderstandingthecausesmaybeincreased,weneverreachaconceptionofcompletefreedom,thatis,anabsenceofcause.Howeverinaccessibletousmaybethecauseoftheexpressionofwillinanyaction,ourownoranother’s,thefirstdemandofreasonistheassumptionofandsearchforacause,forwithoutacausenophenomenonisconceivable.Iraisemyarmtoperformanactionindependentlyofanycause,butmywishtoperformanactionwithoutacauseisthecauseofmyaction.

           Butevenif—imaginingamanquiteexemptfromallinfluences,examiningonlyhismomentaryactioninthepresent,unevokedbyanycause—weweretoadmitsoinfinitelysmallaremainderofinevitabilityasequaledzero,weshouldeventhennothavearrivedattheconceptionofcompletefreedominman,forabeinguninfluencedbytheexternalworld,standingoutsideoftimeandindependentofcause,isnolongeraman.

           Inthesamewaywecanneverimaginetheactionofamanquitedevoidoffreedomandentirelysubjecttothelawofinevitability.

           (1)Howeverwemayincreaseourknowledgeoftheconditionsofspaceinwhichmanissituated,thatknowledgecanneverbecomplete,forthenumberofthoseconditionsisasinfiniteastheinfinityofspace.

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