Війна і мир

Chapter 9

           

           Thesecondconsiderationisthemoreorlessevidenttimerelationofthemantotheworldandtheclearnessofourperceptionoftheplacetheman’sactionoccupiesintime.Thatisthegroundwhichmakesthefallofthefirstman,resultingintheproductionofthehumanrace,appearevidentlylessfreethanaman’sentryintomarriagetoday.Itisthereasonwhythelifeandactivityofpeoplewholivedcenturiesagoandareconnectedwithmeintimecannotseemtomeasfreeasthelifeofacontemporary,theconsequencesofwhicharestillunknowntome.

           Thedegreeofourconceptionoffreedomorinevitabilitydependsinthisrespectonthegreaterorlesserlapseoftimebetweentheperformanceoftheactionandourjudgmentofit.

           IfIexamineanactIperformedamomentagoinapproximatelythesamecircumstancesasthoseIaminnow,myactionappearstomeundoubtedlyfree.ButifIexamineanactperformedamonthago,thenbeingindifferentcircumstances,Icannothelprecognizingthatifthatacthadnotbeencommittedmuchthatresultedfromit—good,agreeable,andevenessential—wouldnothavetakenplace.IfIreflectonanactionstillmoreremote,tenyearsagoormore,thentheconsequencesofmyactionarestillplainertomeandIfindithardtoimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedhadthatactionnotbeenperformed.ThefartherIgobackinmemory,orwhatisthesamethingthefartherIgoforwardinmyjudgment,themoredoubtfulbecomesmybeliefinthefreedomofmyaction.

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