Війна і мир

Chapter 7

           

           Whateverhappensitalwaysappearsthatjustthateventwasforeseenanddecreed.Wherevertheshipmaygo,therushofwaterwhichneitherdirectsnorincreasesitsmovementfoamsaheadofit,andatadistanceseemstousnotmerelytomoveofitselfbuttogoverntheship’smovementalso.

           Examiningonlythoseexpressionsofthewillofhistoricalpersonswhich,ascommands,wererelatedtoevents,historianshaveassumedthattheeventsdependedonthosecommands.Butexaminingtheeventsthemselvesandtheconnectioninwhichthehistoricalpersonsstoodtothepeople,wehavefoundthattheyandtheirordersweredependentonevents.Theincontestableproofofthisdeductionisthat,howevermanycommandswereissued,theeventdoesnottakeplaceunlessthereareothercausesforit,butassoonasaneventoccurs—beitwhatitmay—thenoutofallthecontinuallyexpressedwishesofdifferentpeoplesomewillalwaysbefoundwhichbytheirmeaningandtheirtimeofutterancearerelatedascommandstotheevents.

           Arrivingatthisconclusionwecanreplydirectlyandpositivelytothesetwoessentialquestionsofhistory:

           (1)Whatispower?

           (2)Whatforceproducesthemovementofthenations?

           (1)Poweristherelationofagivenpersontootherindividuals,inwhichthemorethispersonexpressesopinions,predictions,andjustificationsofthecollectiveactionthatisperformed,thelessishisparticipationinthataction

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