Війна і мир

Chapter 1

           Secondly,itisassumedthatthegoaltowardwhichhumanityisbeingledisknowntothehistorians:tooneofthemthisgoalisthegreatnessoftheRoman,Spanish,orFrenchrealm;toanotheritisliberty,equality,andacertainkindofcivilizationofasmallcorneroftheworldcalledEurope.

           In1789afermentarisesinParis;itgrows,spreads,andisexpressedbyamovementofpeoplesfromwesttoeast.Severaltimesitmoveseastwardandcollideswithacountermovementfromtheeastwestward.In1812itreachesitsextremelimit,Moscow,andthen,withremarkablesymmetry,acountermovementoccursfromeasttowest,attractingtoit,asthefirstmovementhaddone,thenationsofmiddleEurope.Thecountermovementreachesthestartingpointofthefirstmovementinthewest—Paris—andsubsides.

           Duringthattwenty-yearperiodanimmensenumberoffieldswereleftuntilled,houseswereburned,tradechangeditsdirection,millionsofmenmigrated,wereimpoverished,orwereenriched,andmillionsofChristianmenprofessingthelawofloveoftheirfellowsslewoneanother.

           Whatdoesallthismean?Whydidithappen?Whatmadethosepeopleburnhousesandslaytheirfellowmen?Whatwerethecausesoftheseevents?Whatforcemademenactso?Thesearetheinstinctive,plain,andmostlegitimatequestionshumanityasksitselfwhenitencountersthemonumentsandtraditionofthatperiod.

           Forareplytothesequestionsthecommonsenseofmankindturnstothescienceofhistory,whoseaimistoenablenationsandhumanitytoknowthemselves.

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