Війна і мир

Chapter 1

           

           ButevenifweassumethatfiftyyearsagoAlexanderIwasmistakeninhisviewofwhatwasgoodforthepeople,wemustinevitablyassumethatthehistorianwhojudgesAlexanderwillalsoafterthelapseofsometimeturnouttobemistakeninhisviewofwhatisgoodforhumanity.Thisassumptionisallthemorenaturalandinevitablebecause,watchingthemovementofhistory,weseethateveryyearandwitheachnewwriter,opinionastowhatisgoodformankindchanges;sothatwhatonceseemedgood,tenyearslaterseemsbad,andviceversa.Andwhatismore,wefindatoneandthesametimequitecontradictoryviewsastowhatisbadandwhatisgoodinhistory:somepeopleregardgivingaconstitutiontoPolandandformingtheHolyAllianceaspraiseworthyinAlexander,whileothersregarditasblameworthy.

           TheactivityofAlexanderorofNapoleoncannotbecalledusefulorharmful,foritisimpossibletosayforwhatitwasusefulorharmful.Ifthatactivitydispleasessomebody,thisisonlybecauseitdoesnotagreewithhislimitedunderstandingofwhatisgood.Whetherthepreservationofmyfather’shouseinMoscow,orthegloryoftheRussianarms,ortheprosperityofthePetersburgandotheruniversities,orthefreedomofPolandorthegreatnessofRussia,orthebalanceofpowerinEurope,oracertainkindofEuropeanculturecalled“progress”appeartometobegoodorbad,Imustadmitthatbesidesthesethingstheactionofeveryhistoriccharacterhasothermoregeneralpurposesinaccessibletome

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