Війна і мир

Chapter 19

           Itwasmuchlater,whenreportsonthebattleofBorodinówerewrittenatleisure,thattheincorrectandextraordinarystatementwasinvented(probablytojustifythemistakesofacommanderinchiefwhohadtoberepresentedasinfallible)thattheShevárdinoRedoubtwasanadvancedpost—whereasinrealityitwassimplyafortifiedpointontheleftflank—andthatthebattleofBorodinówasfoughtbyusonanentrenchedpositionpreviouslyselected,whereasitwasfoughtonaquiteunexpectedspotwhichwasalmostunentrenched.

           Thecasewasevidentlythis:apositionwasselectedalongtheriverKolochá—whichcrossesthehighroadnotatarightanglebutatanacuteangle—sothattheleftflankwasatShevárdino,therightflanknearthevillageofNóvoe,andthecenteratBorodinóattheconfluenceoftheriversKolocháandVóyna.

           ToanyonewholooksatthefieldofBorodinówithoutthinkingofhowthebattlewasactuallyfought,thisposition,protectedbytheriverKolochá,presentsitselfasobviousforanarmywhoseobjectwastopreventanenemyfromadvancingalongtheSmolénskroadtoMoscow.

           Napoleon,ridingtoValúevoonthetwenty-fourth,didnotsee(asthehistorybookssayhedid)thepositionoftheRussiansfromUtítsatoBorodinó(hecouldnothaveseenthatpositionbecauseitdidnotexist),nordidheseeanadvancedpostoftheRussianarmy,butwhilepursuingtheRussianrearguardhecameupontheleftflankoftheRussianposition—attheShevárdinoRedoubt—andunexpectedlyfortheRussiansmovedhisarmyacrosstheKolochá.

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