Війна і мир

Chapter 2

           

           Thehistoriansofculturearequiteconsistentinregardtotheirprogenitors,thewritersofuniversalhistories,forifhistoricaleventsmaybeexplainedbythefactthatcertainpersonstreatedoneanotherinsuchandsuchways,whynotexplainthembythefactthatsuchandsuchpeoplewrotesuchandsuchbooks?Oftheimmensenumberofindicationsaccompanyingeveryvitalphenomenon,thesehistoriansselecttheindicationofintellectualactivityandsaythatthisindicationisthecause.Butdespitetheirendeavorstoprovethatthecauseofeventsliesinintellectualactivity,onlybyagreatstretchcanoneadmitthatthereisanyconnectionbetweenintellectualactivityandthemovementofpeoples,andinnocasecanoneadmitthatintellectualactivitycontrolspeople’sactions,forthatviewisnotconfirmedbysuchfactsastheverycruelmurdersoftheFrenchRevolutionresultingfromthedoctrineoftheequalityofman,ortheverycruelwarsandexecutionsresultingfromthepreachingoflove.

           Butevenadmittingascorrectallthecunninglydevisedargumentswithwhichthesehistoriesarefilled—admittingthatnationsaregovernedbysomeundefinedforcecalledanidea—history’sessentialquestionstillremainsunanswered,andtotheformerpowerofmonarchsandtotheinfluenceofadvisersandotherpeopleintroducedbytheuniversalhistorians,another,newerforce—theidea—isadded,theconnectionofwhichwiththemassesneedsexplanation.

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