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Chapter 1

           Suddenlythediplomatistsandmonarchsnearlyquarreledandwereonthepointofagainorderingtheirarmiestokilloneanother,butjustthenNapoleonarrivedinFrancewithabattalion,andtheFrench,whohadbeenhatinghim,immediatelyallsubmittedtohim.ButtheAlliedmonarchswereangryatthisandwenttofighttheFrenchoncemore.AndtheydefeatedthegeniusNapoleonand,suddenlyrecognizinghimasabrigand,senthimtotheislandofSt.Helena.Andtheexile,separatedfromthebelovedFrancesodeartohisheart,diedalingeringdeathonthatrockandbequeathedhisgreatdeedstoposterity.ButinEuropeareactionoccurredandthesovereignsonceagainallbegantooppresstheirsubjects.”

           Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatthisisironic—acaricatureofthehistoricalaccounts.Onthecontraryitisaverymildexpressionofthecontradictoryreplies,notmeetingthequestions,whichallthehistoriansgive,fromthecompilersofmemoirsandthehistoriesofseparatestatestothewritersofgeneralhistoriesandthenewhistoriesofthecultureofthatperiod.

           Thestrangenessandabsurdityoftheserepliesarisefromthefactthatmodernhistory,likeadeafman,answersquestionsnoonehasasked.

           Ifthepurposeofhistorybetogiveadescriptionofthemovementofhumanityandofthepeoples,thefirstquestion—intheabsenceofareplytowhichalltherestwillbeincomprehensible—is:whatisthepowerthatmovespeoples?Tothis,modernhistorylaboriouslyreplieseitherthatNapoleonwasagreatgenius,orthatLouisXIVwasveryproud,orthatcertainwriterswrotecertainbooks

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