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Chapter 1

           

           ThecauseofthedestructionoftheFrencharmyin1812iscleartousnow.Noonewilldenythatthatcausewas,ontheonehand,itsadvanceintotheheartofRussialateintheseasonwithoutanypreparationforawintercampaignand,ontheother,thecharactergiventothewarbytheburningofRussiantownsandthehatredofthefoethisarousedamongtheRussianpeople.Butnooneatthetimeforesaw(whatnowseemssoevident)thatthiswastheonlywayanarmyofeighthundredthousandmen—thebestintheworldandledbythebestgeneral—couldbedestroyedinconflictwitharawarmyofhalfitsnumericalstrength,andledbyinexperiencedcommandersastheRussianarmywas.Notonlydidnooneseethis,butontheRussiansideeveryeffortwasmadetohindertheonlythingthatcouldsaveRussia,whileontheFrenchside,despiteNapoleon’sexperienceandso-calledmilitarygenius,everyeffortwasdirectedtopushingontoMoscowattheendofthesummer,thatis,todoingtheverythingthatwasboundtoleadtodestruction.

           Inhistoricalworksontheyear1812FrenchwritersareveryfondofsayingthatNapoleonfeltthedangerofextendinghisline,thathesoughtabattleandthathismarshalsadvisedhimtostopatSmolénsk,andofmakingsimilarstatementstoshowthatthedangerofthecampaignwaseventhenunderstood.

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