Война и мир

Chapter 12

           

           Sotoo,likeVoltaireinhistime,uninviteddefendersofthelawofinevitabilitytodayusethatlawasaweaponagainstreligion,thoughthelawofinevitabilityinhistory,likethelawofCopernicusinastronomy,farfromdestroying,evenstrengthensthefoundationonwhichtheinstitutionsofstateandchurchareerected.

           Asinthequestionofastronomythen,sointhequestionofhistorynow,thewholedifferenceofopinionisbasedontherecognitionornonrecognitionofsomethingabsolute,servingasthemeasureofvisiblephenomena.Inastronomyitwastheimmovabilityoftheearth,inhistoryitistheindependenceofpersonality—freewill.

           Aswithastronomythedifficultyofrecognizingthemotionoftheearthlayinabandoningtheimmediatesensationoftheearth’sfixityandofthemotionoftheplanets,soinhistorythedifficultyofrecognizingthesubjectionofpersonalitytothelawsofspace,time,andcauseliesinrenouncingthedirectfeelingoftheindependenceofone’sownpersonality.Butasinastronomythenewviewsaid:“Itistruethatwedonotfeelthemovementoftheearth,butbyadmittingitsimmobilitywearriveatabsurdity,whilebyadmittingitsmotion(whichwedonotfeel)wearriveatlaws,”soalsoinhistorythenewviewsays:“Itistruethatwearenotconsciousofourdependence,butbyadmittingourfreewillwearriveatabsurdity,whilebyadmittingourdependenceontheexternalworld,ontime,andoncause,wearriveatlaws

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