Part 13

Chapter 1

           

           Man’smindcannotgraspthecausesofeventsintheircompleteness,butthedesiretofindthosecausesisimplantedinman’ssoul.Andwithoutconsideringthemultiplicityandcomplexityoftheconditionsanyoneofwhichtakenseparatelymayseemtobethecause,hesnatchesatthefirstapproximationtoacausethatseemstohimintelligibleandsays:“Thisisthecause!”Inhistoricalevents(wheretheactionsofmenarethesubjectofobservation)thefirstandmostprimitiveapproximationtopresentitselfwasthewillofthegodsand,afterthat,thewillofthosewhostoodinthemostprominentposition—theheroesofhistory.Butweneedonlypenetratetotheessenceofanyhistoricevent—whichliesintheactivityofthegeneralmassofmenwhotakepartinit—tobeconvincedthatthewillofthehistoricherodoesnotcontroltheactionsofthemassbutisitselfcontinuallycontrolled.Itmayseemtobeamatterofindifferencewhetherweunderstandthemeaningofhistoricaleventsthiswayorthat;yetthereisthesamedifferencebetweenamanwhosaysthatthepeopleoftheWestmovedontheEastbecauseNapoleonwisheditandamanwhosaysthatthishappenedbecauseithadtohappen,asthereisbetweenthosewhodeclaredthattheearthwasstationaryandthattheplanetsmovedrounditandthosewhoadmittedthattheydidnotknowwhatupheldtheearth,butknewtherewerelawsdirectingitsmovementandthatoftheotherplanets.Thereis,andcanbe,nocauseofanhistoricaleventexcepttheonecauseofallcauses.

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