Part 17

Chapter 1

           

           Historyisthelifeofnationsandofhumanity.Toseizeandputintowords,todescribedirectlythelifeofhumanityorevenofasinglenation,appearsimpossible.

           Theancienthistoriansallemployedoneandthesamemethodtodescribeandseizetheapparentlyelusive—thelifeofapeople.Theydescribedtheactivityofindividualswhoruledthepeople,andregardedtheactivityofthosemenasrepresentingtheactivityofthewholenation.

           Thequestion:howdidindividualsmakenationsactastheywishedandbywhatwasthewilloftheseindividualsthemselvesguided?theancientsmetbyrecognizingadivinitywhichsubjectedthenationstothewillofachosenman,andguidedthewillofthatchosenmansoastoaccomplishendsthatwerepredestined.

           FortheancientsthesequestionsweresolvedbyabeliefinthedirectparticipationoftheDeityinhumanaffairs.

           Modernhistory,intheory,rejectsboththeseprinciples.

           Itwouldseemthathavingrejectedthebeliefoftheancientsinman’ssubjectiontotheDeityandinapredeterminedaimtowardwhichnationsareled,modernhistoryshouldstudynotthemanifestationsofpowerbutthecausesthatproduceit.Butmodernhistoryhasnotdonethis.Havingintheoryrejectedtheviewheldbytheancients,itstillfollowstheminpractice.

           InsteadofmenendowedwithdivineauthorityanddirectlyguidedbythewillofGod,modernhistoryhasgivenuseitherheroesendowedwithextraordinary,superhumancapacities,orsimplymenofveryvariouskinds,frommonarchstojournalists,wholeadthemasses.

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