Война и мир

Chapter 10

           Andthereforesolongasnotalltheconditionsinfluencingmenaredefined,thereisnocompleteinevitabilitybutacertainmeasureoffreedomremains.

           (2)Howeverwemayprolongtheperiodoftimebetweentheactionweareexaminingandthejudgmentuponit,thatperiodwillbefinite,whiletimeisinfinite,andsointhisrespecttootherecanneverbeabsoluteinevitability.

           (3)Howeveraccessiblemaybethechainofcausationofanyaction,weshallneverknowthewholechainsinceitisendless,andsoagainweneverreachabsoluteinevitability.

           Butbesidesthis,evenif,admittingtheremainingminimumoffreedomtoequalzero,weassumedinsomegivencase—asforinstanceinthatofadyingman,anunbornbabe,oranidiot—completeabsenceoffreedom,bysodoingweshoulddestroytheveryconceptionofmaninthecaseweareexamining,forassoonasthereisnofreedomthereisalsonoman.Andsotheconceptionoftheactionofamansubjectsolelytothelawofinevitabilitywithoutanyelementoffreedomisjustasimpossibleastheconceptionofaman’scompletelyfreeaction.

           Andsotoimaginetheactionofamanentirelysubjecttothelawofinevitabilitywithoutanyfreedom,wemustassumetheknowledgeofaninfinitenumberofspacerelations,aninfinitelylongperiodoftime,andaninfiniteseriesofcauses.

           Toimagineamanperfectlyfreeandnotsubjecttothelawofinevitability,wemustimaginehimallalone,beyondspace,beyondtime,andfreefromdependenceoncause.

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