Война и мир

Chapter 3

           Someseeitasaforcedirectlyinherentinheroes,asthepeasantseesthedevilinthelocomotive;othersasaforceresultingfromseveralotherforces,likethemovementofthewheels;othersagainasanintellectualinfluence,likethesmokethatisblownaway.

           Solongashistoriesarewrittenofseparateindividuals,whetherCaesars,Alexanders,Luthers,orVoltaires,andnotthehistoriesofall,absolutelyallthosewhotakepartinanevent,itisquiteimpossibletodescribethemovementofhumanitywithouttheconceptionofaforcecompellingmentodirecttheiractivitytowardacertainend.Andtheonlysuchconceptionknowntohistoriansisthatofpower.

           Thisconceptionistheonehandlebymeansofwhichthematerialofhistory,asatpresentexpounded,canbedealtwith,andanyonewhobreaksthathandleoff,asBuckledid,withoutfindingsomeothermethodoftreatinghistoricalmaterial,merelydepriveshimselfoftheonepossiblewayofdealingwithit.Thenecessityoftheconceptionofpowerasanexplanationofhistoricaleventsisbestdemonstratedbytheuniversalhistoriansandhistoriansofculturethemselves,fortheyprofessedlyrejectthatconceptionbutinevitablyhaverecoursetoitateverystep.

           Indealingwithhumanity’sinquiry,thescienceofhistoryuptonowislikemoneyincirculation—papermoneyandcoin.Thebiographiesandspecialnationalhistoriesarelikepapermoney.Theycanbeusedandcancirculateandfulfilltheirpurposewithoutharmtoanyoneandevenadvantageously,aslongasnooneaskswhatisthesecuritybehindthem.

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