Война и мир

Chapter 2

           

           Militaryscience,seeinginhistoryinnumerableinstancesofthefactthatthesizeofanyarmydoesnotcoincidewithitsstrengthandthatsmalldetachmentsdefeatlargerones,obscurelyadmitstheexistenceofthisunknownfactorandtriestodiscoverit—nowinageometricformation,nowintheequipmentemployed,now,andmostusually,inthegeniusofthecommanders.Buttheassignmentofthesevariousmeaningstothefactordoesnotyieldresultswhichaccordwiththehistoricfacts.

           Yetitisonlynecessarytoabandonthefalseview(adoptedtogratifythe“heroes”)oftheefficacyofthedirectionsissuedinwartimebycommanders,inordertofindthisunknownquantity.

           Thatunknownquantityisthespiritofthearmy,thatistosay,thegreaterorlesserreadinesstofightandfacedangerfeltbyallthemencomposinganarmy,quiteindependentlyofwhethertheyare,orarenot,fightingunderthecommandofagenius,intwo—orthree-lineformation,withcudgelsorwithriflesthatrepeatthirtytimesaminute.Menwhowanttofightwillalwaysputthemselvesinthemostadvantageousconditionsforfighting.

           Thespiritofanarmyisthefactorwhichmultipliedbythemassgivestheresultingforce.Todefineandexpressthesignificanceofthisunknownfactor—thespiritofanarmy—isaproblemforscience.

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