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Chapter 5

           ImaintainthatifthediscoveriesofKeplerandNewtoncouldnothavebeenmadeknownexceptbysacrificingthelivesofone,adozen,ahundred,ormoremen,Newtonwouldhavehadtheright,wouldindeedhavebeeninduty-bound...toeliminatethedozenorthehundredmenforthesakeofmakinghisdiscoveriesknowntothewholeofhumanity.ButitdoesnotfollowfromthatthatNewtonhadarighttomurderpeoplerightandleftandtostealeverydayinthemarket.Then,Iremember,Imaintaininmyarticlethatall...well,legislatorsandleadersofmen,suchasLycurgus,Solon,Mahomet,Napoleon,andsoon,wereallwithoutexceptioncriminals,fromtheveryfactthat,makinganewlaw,theytransgressedtheancientone,handeddownfromtheirancestorsandheldsacredbythepeople,andtheydidnotstopshortatbloodshedeither,ifthatbloodshedoftenofinnocentpersonsfightingbravelyindefenceofancientlawwereofusetotheircause.It’sremarkable,infact,thatthemajority,indeed,ofthesebenefactorsandleadersofhumanitywereguiltyofterriblecarnage.Inshort,Imaintainthatallgreatmenorevenmenalittleoutofthecommon,thatistosaycapableofgivingsomenewword,mustfromtheirverynaturebecriminalsmoreorless,ofcourse.Otherwiseit’shardforthemtogetoutofthecommonrut;andtoremaininthecommonrutiswhattheycan’tsubmitto,fromtheirverynatureagain,andtomymindtheyoughtnot,indeed,tosubmittoit.Youseethatthereisnothingparticularlynewinallthat.

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