Chapter 13. Some Figures

           Theportionoftheterrestrialglobewhichiscoveredbywaterisestimatedatupwardsofeightymillionsofacres.Thisfluidmasscomprisestwobillionstwohundredandfiftymillionsofcubicmiles,formingasphericalbodyofadiameterofsixtyleagues,theweightofwhichwouldbethreequintillionsoftons.Tocomprehendthemeaningofthesefigures,itisnecessarytoobservethataquintillionistoabillionasabillionistounity;inotherwords,thereareasmanybillionsinaquintillionasthereareunitsinabillion.Thismassoffluidisequaltoaboutthequantityofwaterwhichwouldbedischargedbyalltheriversoftheearthinfortythousandyears.

           Duringthegeologicalepochstheoceanoriginallyprevailedeverywhere.Thenbydegrees,inthesilurianperiod,thetopsofthemountainsbegantoappear,theislandsemerged,thendisappearedinpartialdeluges,reappeared,becamesettled,formedcontinents,tillatlengththeearthbecamegeographicallyarranged,asweseeinthepresentday.Thesolidhadwrestedfromtheliquidthirty-sevenmillionsixhundredandfifty-sevensquaremiles,equaltotwelvebillionsninehundredandsixtymillionsofacres.

           Theshapeofcontinentsallowsustodividethewatersintofivegreatportions:theArcticorFrozenOcean,theAntarctic,orFrozenOcean,theIndian,theAtlantic,andthePacificOceans.

           ThePacificOceanextendsfromnorthtosouthbetweenthetwoPolarCircles,andfromeasttowestbetweenAsiaandAmerica,overanextentof145degreesoflongitude.Itisthequietestofseas;itscurrentsarebroadandslow,ithasmediumtides,andabundantrain.Suchwastheoceanthatmyfatedestinedmefirsttotraveloverunderthesestrangeconditions.

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