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Chapter 1

           AllthemonarchsoftheNormanracehadshownthemostmarkedpredilectionfortheirNormansubjects;thelawsofthechase,andmanyothersequallyunknowntothemilderandmorefreespiritoftheSaxonconstitution,hadbeenfixeduponthenecksofthesubjugatedinhabitants,toaddweight,asitwere,tothefeudalchainswithwhichtheywereloaded.Atcourt,andinthecastlesofthegreatnobles,wherethepompandstateofacourtwasemulated,Norman-Frenchwastheonlylanguageemployed;incourtsoflaw,thepleadingsandjudgmentsweredeliveredinthesametongue.Inshort,Frenchwasthelanguageofhonour,ofchivalry,andevenofjustice,whilethefarmoremanlyandexpressiveAnglo-Saxonwasabandonedtotheuseofrusticsandhinds,whoknewnoother.Still,however,thenecessaryintercoursebetweenthelordsofthesoil,andthoseoppressedinferiorbeingsbywhomthatsoilwascultivated,occasionedthegradualformationofadialect,compoundedbetwixttheFrenchandtheAnglo-Saxon,inwhichtheycouldrenderthemselvesmutuallyintelligibletoeachother;andfromthisnecessityarosebydegreesthestructureofourpresentEnglishlanguage,inwhichthespeechofthevictorsandthevanquishedhavebeensohappilyblendedtogether;andwhichhassincebeensorichlyimprovedbyimportationsfromtheclassicallanguages,andfromthosespokenbythesouthernnationsofEurope.

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